Diabetic atherosclerosis: is there a role for the hypoxia-inducible factors?

The role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 in atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis is by far the most frequent underlying cause of coronary artery disease, carotid artery disease and peripheral arterial disease, and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Hypoxic areas are known to be present in human atherosclerotic lesions, and lesion progression is associated with the formation of lipid-loaded macrophages, increased local inflammation and angiogene...

The role of hypoxia inducible factor 1α in diabetic cardiomyopathy

Diabetes and atherosclerosis: is there a role for hyperglycemia?

Atherosclerosis is accelerated in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The hallmark of diabetes is the presence of hyperglycemia. In this article, we review the role of glucose in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Evidence obtained from epidemiological, in vitro, and animal studies will be reviewed in an attempt to understand the complex relationship between hyperglycemia and cardiovascular risk...

The heat is on: an expanding role for hypoxia-inducible factors in kidney transplantation.

A dvances in surgical techniques, immunosuppressive therapies, and posttransplant monitoring have led to impressive increases in patient and allograft survival in kidney transplantation, and this procedure now serves as the standard of care for patients with end-stage renal disease. One determinant of graft dysfunction is cold and warm ischemia time of the allograft, as well as acute cellular r...

The role of hypoxia-inducible factors in renal fibrosis.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined by loss of renal function, is highly prevalent, and imposes a large economic burden worldwide. Renal fibrosis is the final common pathway leading to CKD regardless of the initial insult. The extent of renal fibrosis is highly correlated with the severity of CKD. Understanding the pathophysiology of renal fibrosis is of paramount importance. Microscopically,...